Big Bang (13.82 billion years ago)

• 13.82 billion years ago
  Big Bang, universe appears
  [wiki/Big_Bang]
• 10^-6 seconds after big bang
  First hadron particles begin to form, including protons and neutrons
  [wiki/Timeline_of_the_formation_of_the_Universe]
• 1 second after big bang
  First lepton particles begin to form, including electrons
  [wiki/Timeline_of_the_formation_of_the_Universe]
• Few minutes after big bang
  Protons and neutrons start combining to form first atomic nuclei
  [wiki/Timeline_of_the_formation_of_the_Universe]
• 379,000 years after big bang
  First hydrogen atoms begin to form, universe visibility horizon (cosmic microwave background)
  [wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background]
• 150 million years after big bang
  First stars begin to form
  [wiki/Chronology_of_the_universe]
• 400 million years after big bang
  First galaxies begin to form, including the Milky Way
  [wiki/GN-z11]
• 3.5 billion years after big bang (10 billion years ago)
  Peak rate of star formation in the universe, cosmic high noon
  [https://news.ucsc.edu/2017/07/superluminous-supernova.html]

Milky Way and Earth (9 billion years ago)

• 9 billion years ago
  Formation of Milky Way galaxy thin disk - where the Sun later formed
  [wiki/Milky_Way]
• 5 billion years ago
  Expansion of the universe begins accelerating, dark energy dominated era begins
  [wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe]
• 4.6 billion years ago
  Formation of our solar system, Sun begins burning
  [wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System]
• 4.54 billion years ago
  Formation of Earth
  [wiki/History_of_Earth]
• 4.51 billion years ago
  Formation of Moon - possibly the aftermath of impact with Earth
  [wiki/Origin_of_the_Moon]
• 4.4 billion years ago
  Liquid water starts accumulating on Earth, beginning of oceans
  [wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth]

Early Life (4 billion years ago)

• 4.1 - 3.8 billion years ago
  RNA molecules (made of amino acids) grow so large that they split in half, cloning themselves - beginning of life and genetics
  [wiki/Abiogenesis]
• 3.5 billion years ago
  First cells and membranes, prokaryotes
  [wiki/Prokaryote]
• 3.5 billion years ago
  First bacteria
  [wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life]
• 3.4 billion years ago
  First organisms to perform photosynthesis
  [wiki/Evolution_of_photosynthesis]
• 3 billion years ago
  First cells to use ATP for energy transfer
  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26849/]
• 2.5 billion years ago
  Eukaryotes evolve from prokaryotes - nucleus, mitochondria
  [wiki/Eukaryote]
• 2.3 billion years ago
  Oxygen suddenly becomes abundant in atmosphere - possibly due to photosynthesis
  [wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event]
• 1.7 billion years ago
  First multicellular organisms, beginning of cell specialization
  [wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_life]
• 1.5 billion years ago
  Fungi diverge from other life (an aquatic lifeform with flagellum)
  [wiki/Evolution_of_fungi]
• 1.2 billion years ago
  First evidence of sexual reproduction, significant increase in rate of evolution
  [wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction]

Animals (655 million years ago)

• 665 - 610 million years ago
  Animals evolve from flagellated eukaryotes - single-celled organisms with whip-like tail, similar to sperm
  [wiki/Animal]
• 600 million years ago
  Early decentralized nervous system, bilateral symmetry - worm-like creature
  [wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems]
• 600 million years ago
  Mouth evolves, early digestive system
  
• 560 million years ago
  Skeletal system evolves
  [https://www.livescience.com/18933-oldest-skeleton-animal.html]
• 555 million years ago
  Last common ancestor of all bilateral animals
  [wiki/Urbilaterian]
• 550 million years ago
  Brain evolves
  [wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain]
• 545 million years ago
  First arthropods evolve - which would later include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids
  [wiki/Arthropod]
• 542 million years ago
  First fungi on land
  [wiki/Evolution_of_fungi]
• 542 - 517 million years ago
  Cambrian explosion
  [wiki/Cambrian_explosion]
• 540 million years ago
  Eyes evolve
  [wiki/Evolution_of_the_eye]
• 540 million years ago
  Heart evolves
  [wiki/Circulatory_system]

Vertebrates (530 million years ago)

• 530 million years ago
  Vertebrates evolve in water, including fish
  [wiki/Evolution_of_fish]
• 521 million years ago
  Trilobites evolve from early arthropods, dominate oceans
  [wiki/Trilobite]
• 510 million years ago
  Plants evolve from algae
  [wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants]
• 495 million years ago
  Teeth evolve
  [wiki/Evolution_of_fish]
• 480 million years ago
  Insects evolve from crustaceans (part of arthropods)
  [wiki/Evolution_of_insects]
• 430 million years ago
  Jaw evolves
  [wiki/Fish_jaw]
• 428 million years ago
  First animals on land (invertebrates)
  [wiki/Pneumodesmus]
• 420 million years ago
  Bones evolve to replace cartilage
  
• 400 million years ago
  Flying insects evolve, first flying organism
  [wiki/Evolution_of_insects]
• 385 million years ago
  Trees evolve from early plants
  [wiki/Wattieza]
• 380 million years ago
  Arachnids evolve from early arthropods
  [wiki/Evolution_of_spiders]

Land (370 million years ago)

• 370 million years ago
  Amphibians evolve from fish - lungs, limbs, digits, tongue
  [wiki/Amphibian]
• 350 - 250 million years ago
  Evolution of hearing
  [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150206125257.htm]
• 320 million years ago
  Reptiles evolve from early amphibians - dry skin
  [wiki/Evolution_of_reptiles]
• 252 million years ago
  Largest extinction event, 90-96% of all species, including trilobites
  [wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event]
• 252 million years ago
  Fungi briefly become most abundant organisms on Earth
  [wiki/Evolution_of_fungi]
• 234 million years ago
  Dinosaurs diverge from other archosaurs - which would later include crocodiles
  [wiki/Evolution_of_dinosaurs]
• 232 million years ago
  First flying vertebrate, reptile group called pterosaurs (includes pterodactyls)
  [wiki/Pterosaur]
• 225 million years ago
  Pangaea supercontinent formed of almost all land mass, mostly in southern hemisphere
  [wiki/Pangaea]
• 210 million years ago
  Mammals evolve from early reptiles - loss of color vision (possibly due to nocturnality), warm-blooded, hair, neocortex, mammary glands, ear drum, Y-chromosome for determining sex
  [wiki/Evolution_of_mammals]

Dinosaurs (201 million years ago)

• 201 million years ago
  Mass extinction event, 70-75% of all species
  [wiki/Triassic%E2%80%93Jurassic_extinction_event]
• 201 million years ago
  Dinosaurs become dominant organisms on Earth
  [wiki/Dinosaur]
• 150 million years ago
  Birds evolve from dinosaurs, only dinosaurs still living today
  [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/07/flight-may-have-evolved-multiple-times-birds]
• 125 million years ago
  Flowers evolve
  [wiki/Flower]
• 120 million years ago
  Placentals evolve to carry offspring rather than lay eggs
  [wiki/Placentalia]
• 112 million years ago
  Snakes evolve
  [wiki/Snake]
• 100 million years ago
  Largest land animal of all time, Patagotitan - 120 ft long, 75 tons
  [wiki/Patagotitan]
• 70 million years ago
  Opposable thumbs evolve in pre-primates
  [https://www.quora.com/How-long-did-it-take-for-opposable-thumbs-to-emerge-from-a-common-ancestor-to-humans-with-a-dewclaw]
• 68 million years ago
  Largest flying animal of all time, pterosaur called Quetzalcoatlus - 40 ft wingspan
  [wiki/Quetzalcoatlus]

Mammals and Primates (66 million years ago)

• 66 million years ago
  Mass extinction event, 75% of all species, extinction of all dinosaurs except birds, extinction of all pterosaurs
  [wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event]
• 66 million years ago
  Mammals become dominant organisms on Earth
  [wiki/Mammal]
• 65 million years ago
  Primates evolve
  [wiki/Evolution_of_primates]
• 52 million years ago
  Bats evolve, only flying mammals
  [wiki/Bat]
• 50 million years ago
  Branch of mammals begin evolving in water, leading to whales, dolphins, seals, etc (closest living land relative - hippo)
  [wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans]
• 42 million years ago
  Simians diverge from other primates (monkeys and apes)
  [wiki/Simian]
• 40 - 30 million years ago
  Early simians regain color vision (possibly to see ripe fruit)
  [http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/color.htm]
• 35 million years ago
  Catarrhines diverge from other simians - no tail, more ground-dwelling, greater sexual dimorphism, less pair bonding
  [wiki/Catarrhini]
• 20 million years ago
  Hominids diverge from other catarrhines - more freedom of motion in shoulders (possibly for tree swinging)
  [wiki/Hominidae]
• 13 - 4 million years ago
  Last common ancestor of humans and apes
  [wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor]

Early Humans (5 million years ago)

• 5 million years ago
  Modern human thumb evolves
  [wiki/Thumb]
• 4 million years ago
  First bipedal humans (possibly to carry food)
  [wiki/Bipedalism]
• 3.4 million years ago
  First stone tools, beginning of stone age
  [wiki/Stone_Age]
• 1.9 million years ago
  Homo erectus evolves (originated in Africa, eventually spread into Europe and as far east as China)
  [wiki/Homo]
• 1.9 million years ago
  First use of fire, cooking
  [wiki/Cooking]
• 500,000 years ago
  First use of paint
  [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528419/Art-of-body-painting-may-date-back-500000-years.html]
• 400,000 years ago
  Invention of spears using stone spear heads
  [wiki/Spear]

Homo Sapiens (200,000 years ago)

• 200,000 years ago
  Homo sapiens evolve from homo erectus (Africa) - larger brain, proper language, less hair, shorter, less sexual dimorphism
  [wiki/Homo_sapiens]
• 200,000 years ago
  First use of adhesives (tar), stronger tools
  [wiki/Adhesive]
• 170,000 years ago
  First use of clothing
  [http://news.ufl.edu/archive/2011/01/uf-study-of-lice-dna-shows-humans-first-wore-clothes-170000-years-ago.html]
• 125,000 years ago
  First wave of homo sapiens leave Africa
  [wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans]
• 110,000 years ago
  Beginning of most recent glacial period, 18°F drop in average global temperature (ice age)
  [wiki/Last_glacial_period]
• 105,000 years ago
  First evidence of collecting and eating wild grains
  [http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091217/full/news.2009.1147.html]
• 100,000 years ago
  First homo sapiens in China
  [wiki/Early_human_migrations]
• 100,000 years ago
  First human burials
  [wiki/Burial]
• 100,000 years ago
  First jewelery
  [wiki/Jewellery]
• 90,000 years ago
  First harpoon fishing
  [wiki/Semliki_harpoon]
• 75,000 years ago
  Toba supereruption, global volcanic winter (Indonesia, possibly reduced total human population to less than 10,000)
  [wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory]
• 70,000 years ago
  Homo erectus becomes extinct
  [wiki/Homo_erectus]
• 70,000 years ago
  First use of compound adhesives, stronger tools (South Africa)
  [wiki/Adhesive]

Global Inhabitation (60,000 years ago)

• 60,000 years ago
  First homo sapiens in Australia, extinction of Australian megafauna
  [wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia]
• 41,000 years ago
  First instrument (wooden flute, Europe)
  [wiki/Prehistoric_music]
• 40,000 years ago
  Homo Sapiens conquer all of Europe, Neanderthals become extinct
  [wiki/Neanderthal]
• 40,000 - 27,000 years ago
  Domestication of dogs
  [wiki/Origin_of_the_domestic_dog]
• 35,400 years ago
  First cave paintings (hands/animals, Spain)
  [wiki/Cave_painting]
• 27,000 years ago
  Invention of weaving
  [wiki/Weaving]
• 23,000 years ago
  First fish hook
  [wiki/Fish_hook]
• 23,000 years ago
  First use of bread (Middle East)
  [http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091217/full/news.2009.1147.html]
• 19,000 - 6,000 years ago
  End of ice age, sea levels rise 400 ft over 13,000 years
  [wiki/Holocene]

Agriculture (15,000 years ago)

• 13,000 BC
  Domestication of pigs, beginning of agriculture (Mesopotamia)
  [wiki/History_of_agriculture]
• 13,000 BC
  Earliest known oil lamps (Lascaux caves, France)
  [wiki/Oil_lamp]
• 12,000 BC
  First cities, beginning of civilization
  [wiki/Cradle_of_civilization]
• 11,500 BC
  Domestication of rice (China)
  [wiki/Rice]
• 11,000 BC
  Domestication of sheep (Mesopotamia)
  [wiki/History_of_the_domestic_sheep]
• 10,700 BC
  First homo sapiens in America, extinction of American megafauna
  [wiki/Pleistocene_megafauna]
• 10,000 BC
  Homo floresiensis becomes extinct, homo sapiens last remaining humanoid species
  [wiki/Homo_floresiensis]
• 9000 BC
  First bow and arrow (Europe)
  [wiki/History_of_archery]
• 9000 BC
  Domestication of corn (Mexico)
  [wiki/Maize]
• 8500 BC
  Domestication of cattle (Turkey)
  [wiki/Cattle]
• 8000 BC
  First calendar (Scotland)
  [wiki/History_of_calendars]
• 7500 BC
  Domestication of cats (possibly to keep rodents out of food stores)
  [wiki/Cat]
• 7000 BC
  First cities with over 10,000 people (Turkey)
  [wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk]
• 7000 BC
  First use of dairy animals, milk (Southeast Asia)
  [wiki/Milk]
• 7000 BC
  First use of alcoholic drinks (China, Middle East)
  [wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks]

Ancient History (8,000 years ago)

• 6000 BC
  Invention of writing, beginning of recorded history
  [wiki/History_of_writing]
• 6000 BC
  Domestication of chickens (China)
  [wiki/Chicken]
• 5500 BC
  First copper weapons, end of stone age (Serbia)
  [wiki/History_of_weapons]
• 3500 BC
  Horses domesticated (Northern Asia)
  [wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse]
• 3500 BC
  First man-made glass objects (Mesopotamia)
  [wiki/History_of_glass]
• 3500 BC
  First written language, first schools (Mesopotamia)
  [wiki/History_of_education]
• 3350 BC
  First wheeled vehicles, pulled by horses
  [wiki/Wheel]
• 3300 BC
  First metal alloy, bronze (Mesopotamia)
  [wiki/Ancient_Near_East]
• 3200 BC
  Earliest human who's name we know (Egypt)
  [wiki/Iry-Hor]
• 3000 BC
  Invention of indoor plumbing and flush toilet (South Asia)
  [wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation]
• 3000 BC
  Decimal mathematics (Egypt)
  [wiki/Decimal]
• 3000 BC
  Invention of candles/torches (Romans/Egyptians)
  [https://candles.org/history/]
• 2700 BC
  Invention of abacus (Middle East)
  [wiki/Abacus]
• 2560 BC
  Great Pyramid of Giza (completed in only 20 years), remained tallest manmade structure for 3,800 years (height of 481 feet), still heaviest building ever made
  [wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza]
• 2000 BC
  First horses used for transporting people, chariot becomes primary branch of the military
  [wiki/Chariot]
• 2000 BC
  First scissors, spring scissors (Mesopotamia)
  [wiki/Scissors]

Iron Age (3,300 years ago)

• 1200 BC
  First iron smelting (melting point of 2,800 °F)
  [wiki/Smelting]
• 1177 BC
  Major collapse of civilization (Mediterranean, possibly triggered by drought and famine), beginning of Greek dark ages
  [wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse]
• 1000 BC
  First standardized coinage (China)
  [wiki/History_of_money]
• 700 BC
  First glass lenses (Middle East)
  [wiki/Lens_(optics)]
• 600 - 400 BC
  Torah written, beginning of Abrahamic religions, currently 54% of world population adheres to an Abrahamic religion (Babylonia)
  [wiki/Abrahamic_religions]
• 508 BC
  Democracy (Cleisthenes, Greece)
  [wiki/History_of_democracy]
• 500 BC
  Discovery that Earth is round (Pythagoras, Greece)
  [wiki/Spherical_Earth]
• 500 BC
  Discovery of the Phythagorean theorem (Pythagoras, Greece)
  [wiki/Pythagorean_theorem]
• 490 BC
  Horses bred large enough to carry men, beginning of cavalry (Middle East)
  [wiki/Cavalry]
• 400 BC
  First record of camera obscura phenomenon, light travels in straight lines (Mozi, China)
  [wiki/Camera_obscura]
• 387 BC
  First higher learning institution founded, The Academy (Plato, Greece)
  [wiki/Academy]
• 375 BC
  Foundation of western philosophy, science, western religion, and spirituality (Plato, Greece)
  [wiki/Plato]
• 300 BC
  Development of geometry (Euclid, Greece)
  [wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements]
• 250 BC
  Estimation of pi, invention of exponents (Archimedes, Greece)
  [wiki/Archimedes]
• 200 BC
  Accurate measurement of Earth’s circumference, tilt, and distance from the sun; development of geography (Eratosthenes, Greece)
  [wiki/History_of_geodesy]
• 179 BC
  Invention of paper (China)
  [wiki/History_of_paper]
• 55 BC
  Intromission theory - light is not a property of the eye (Lucretius, Roman)
  [wiki/Emission_theory_(vision)]
• 4 BC
  Christianity (Jesus)
  [wiki/History_of_Christianity]
• 1
  First cities with population over 1 million (Rome / Alexandria)
  [wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughout_history]
• 77
  Invention of glass mirror (Rome)
  [wiki/Mirror]
• 100
  First modern scissors, pivot scissors (Rome)
  [wiki/Scissors]
• 150
  First light refraction tables (Claudius Ptolemy)
  [wiki/History_of_optics]

Middle Ages (1,540 years ago)

• 476
  Fall of Roman Empire, beginning of middle ages (Europe)
  [wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire]
• 628
  Method to solve quadratic equations, understanding of zero (Brahmagupta, India)
  [wiki/Br%C4%81hmasphu%E1%B9%ADasiddh%C4%81nta]
• 806
  First paper currency (China)
  [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/history-money.html]
• 830
  Development of algebra (Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Middle East)
  [wiki/History_of_algebra]
• 850
  Invention of gunpowder (China)
  [wiki/History_of_gunpowder]
• 859
  Oldest existing university founded (University of Al Quaraouiyine, Morocco)
  [wiki/University_of_Al_Quaraouiyine]
• 1000
  Experimental evidence for intromission light theory, predicted light has a finite speed (Ibn al-Haytham, Middle East)
  [wiki/Book_of_Optics]
• 1040
  Invention of magnetic compass (China)
  [wiki/History_of_the_compass]
• 1215
  Magna Carta, foundation for individual rights (England)
  [wiki/Magna_Carta]
• 1232
  First rockets (China)
  [wiki/History_of_rockets]
• 1250
  First joint-stock company (Bazacle Milling Company, France)
  [wiki/Joint-stock_company]
• 1260
  First firearm, cannon (Middle East)
  [wiki/History_of_the_firearm]
• 1286
  Invention of eyeglasses (Italy)
  [wiki/Glasses]
• 1294
  Largest contiguous land empire - 16% of earth, 9 million mi² (Mongol Empire)
  [wiki/Mongol_Empire]
• 1311
  Lincoln Cathedral surpasses Great Pyramid as tallest manmade structure (height of 525 feet)
  [wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures]
• 1414
  First use of coffee drinking - may have replaced alcohol and led to the enlightment (Yemen)
  [wiki/History_of_coffee]
• 1440
  Invention of printing press (Johannes Gutenberg)
  [wiki/Printing_press]
• 1492
  Columbus explores America
  [wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus]
• 1502
  Realization that America was a new land mass, not Asia (Amerigo Vespucci, Italy)
  [wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci]
• 1522
  First global circumnavigation (Magellan, Spain)
  [wiki/Circumnavigation]

Scientific Revolution (475 years ago)

• 1543
  Earth revolves around Sun, Copernican Revolution (Nicolaus Copernicus)
  [wiki/Copernican_Revolution]
• 1545
  First published picture of camera obscura (Gemma Frisius)
  [wiki/Camera_obscura]
• 1590
  Invention of microscope (Zacharias Janssen)
  [wiki/Microscope]
• 1602
  First stock market (Amsterdam Stock Exchange)
  [wiki/Stock_market]
• 1608
  Invention of telescope (Hans Lippershey)
  [wiki/History_of_the_telescope]
• 1610
  Discovery of moons of Jupiter (Galileo Galilei)
  [wiki/Galilean_moons]
• 1619
  Laws of planetary motion (Johannes Kepler)
  [wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion]
• 1620
  First submarine (Cornelis Drebbel, Dutch)
  [wiki/History_of_submarines]
• 1637
  First economic bubble (tulip mania, Netherlands)
  [wiki/Economic_bubble]
• 1661
  Theory of chemical elements (Robert Boyle)
  [wiki/Chemical_element]
• 1675
  Development of calculus (Gottfried Leibniz and Isaac Newton)
  [wiki/History_of_calculus]
• 1676
  Discovery of bacteria (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)
  [wiki/Bacteria]
• 1676
  First quantatitive estimate of the speed of light, only 25% off (Ole Rømer)
  [wiki/Speed_of_light]
• 1687
  Discovery of gravitational force (Isaac Newton)
  [wiki/Gravity]
• 1709
  Accurate measurement of speed of sound (William Derham)
  [wiki/Speed_of_sound]
• 1746
  Invention of electrical capacitor (Pieter van Musschenbroek)
  [wiki/Capacitor]
• 1750
  Discovery of galaxies (Thomas Wright)
  [wiki/Galaxy]
• 1750
  Common understanding of electricity (Benjamin Franklin)
  [wiki/History_of_electrical_engineering]
• 1759
  Discovery of electromagnetism (Franz Aepinus)
  [wiki/History_of_electromagnetic_theory]

Industrial Revolution (250 years ago)

• 1766
  Discovery of hydrogen (Henry Cavendish)
  [wiki/Hydrogen]
• 1780
  First iron-cased rockets (India)
  [wiki/Mysorean_rockets]
• 1781
  Invention of rotary steam engine (James Watt)
  [wiki/History_of_the_steam_engine]
• 1781
  Discovery of Uranus (William Herschel)
  [wiki/Uranus]
• 1783
  Theory of black holes (John Michell)
  [wiki/Black_hole]
• 1783
  First manned flight, hot-air balloon (Montgolfier brothers)
  [wiki/Hot_air_balloon]
• 1783
  Determination of solar apex, the direction the Sun is traveling relative to local stars, calculated within 10° of the value accepted today (William Herschel)
  [wiki/Solar_apex]
• 1789
  Development of chemistry, first list of elements (Antoine Lavoisier)
  [wiki/Chemical_revolution]
• 1796
  First vaccine, smallpox (Edward Jenner)
  [wiki/Vaccine]
• 1798
  Invention of internal combustion engine (John Stevens)
  [wiki/History_of_the_internal_combustion_engine]
• 1799
  Discovery of Rosetta Stone (origin 196 BC) enabling translation of Egyptian hieroglyphics (Napoleon)
  [wiki/Rosetta_Stone]
• 1799
  Invention of continuous current electric battery (Alessandro Volta)
  [wiki/History_of_the_battery]
• 1800
  Invention of photography (Thomas Wedgwood)
  [wiki/History_of_photography]
• 1800
  Discovery of infrared radiation (William Herschel)
  [wiki/Infrared]
• 1801
  Discovery of ultraviolet light (Johann Wilhelm Ritter)
  [wiki/Ultraviolet]
• 1803
  Atomic theory (John Dalton)
  [wiki/Atomic_theory]
• 1812
  First commercially successful locomotive (Matthew Murray)
  [wiki/History_of_rail_transport]
• 1821
  Invention of electric motor (Michael Faraday)
  [wiki/Timeline_of_the_electric_motor]
• 1831
  Invention of electric generator (Michael Faraday)
  [wiki/Electric_generator]
• 1835
  Development of glass silvering; affordable glass mirrors (Justus von Liebig)
  [wiki/Silvering]
• 1838
  First telegram, invention of Morse code (Samuel F.B. Morse)
  [wiki/Electrical_telegraph]
• 1839
  First commercially successful camera (Louis Daguerre)
  [wiki/History_of_the_camera]
• 1846
  Correct prediction and discovery of Neptune (Johann Galle)
  [wiki/Neptune]
• 1849
  Germ theory of disease, sterilization (John Snow)
  [wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease]

Technological Revolution (160 years ago)

• 1854
  Invention of refrigeration, first commercially successful ice machine (James Harrison)
  [wiki/Refrigeration]
• 1856
  First plastic patent (Alexander Parkes)
  [wiki/Timeline_of_plastic_development]
• 1858
  Discovery of natural selection (Charles Darwin)
  [wiki/Natural_selection]
• 1858
  First transatlantic telegraph cable (Atlantic Telegraph Company)
  [wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable]
• 1861
  Fundamental equations of electromagnetism (James Clerk Maxwell)
  [wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations]
• 1867
  Antiseptics - reduced infections from surgery (Joseph Lister)
  [wiki/Antiseptic]
• 1868
  First commercially successful typewriter (Sholes, Hall, Glidden, Soule)
  [wiki/Typewriter]
• 1869
  Development of periodic table, correct predictions of unknown elements (Dmitri Mendeleev)
  [wiki/Periodic_table]
• 1869
  First transcontinental railroad (Pacific Railroad)
  [wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad]
• 1876
  Invention of voice telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)
  [wiki/Telephone]
• 1877
  Invention of phonograph for recording and playing sound (Thomas Edison)
  [wiki/Phonograph]
• 1878
  First motion picture, galloping horse (Eadweard Muybridge)
  [wiki/Sallie_Gardner_at_a_Gallop]
• 1878
  Modern QWERTY key layout established (Christopher Latham Sholes)
  [wiki/QWERTY]
• 1879
  Invention of viable light bulb and continuous electrical system (Thomas Edison)
  [https://www.nps.gov/edis/learn/kidsyouth/the-electric-light-system-phonograph-motion-pictures.htm]
• 1883
  First successful organ transplant, thyroid (Theodor Kocher)
  [wiki/Organ_transplantation]
• 1886
  Invention of automobile (Karl Benz)
  [wiki/Car]
• 1887
  Discovery of radio waves (Heinrich Hertz)
  [wiki/History_of_radio]
• 1893
  Invention of kinetoscope, first movie player, standardization of 35mm film (Thomas Edison)
  [wiki/Kinetoscope]
• 1897
  Discovery of electrons (J. J. Thomson)
  [wiki/Electron]
• 1898
  First remote control, boat (Nikola Tesla)
  [wiki/Remote_control]

Petroleum Age (120 years ago)

• 1900
  First transmission of voice by radio, invention of amplitude modulation aka AM (Reginald Fessenden)
  [wiki/Amplitude_modulation]
• 1903
  First flight of an airplane (Orville and Wilbur Wright)
  [wiki/Airplane]
• 1905
  Special relativity, spacetime continuum (Albert Einstein)
  [wiki/Special_relativity]
• 1907
  First cathode ray tube television (Boris Rosing)
  [wiki/Cathode_ray_tube]
• 1908
  First affordable automobile (Henry Ford)
  [wiki/Car]
• 1911
  First expedition to geographic South Pole (Norway)
  [wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition]
• 1912
  Idea of continental drift formalized - there once was a supercontinent, Pangaea (Alfred Wegener)
  [wiki/Continental_drift]
• 1915
  First transcontinental telephone call (New York to San Francisco)
  [wiki/First_transcontinental_telephone_call]
• 1916
  General relativity, gravity curves spacetime (Albert Einstein)
  [wiki/General_relativity]
• 1917
  Invention of zipper
  [wiki/Zipper]
• 1920
  Largest empire by land area - 24% of earth, 13 million mi² (Britain)
  [wiki/List_of_largest_empires]
• 1928
  Discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin (Sir Alexander Fleming)
  [wiki/Antibiotics]
• 1931
  Discovery of expansion of the universe, big bang theory (Georges Lemaître)
  [wiki/Big_Bang]
• 1937
  Invention of radio telescope, first search for extraterrestrial intelligence (Grote Reber)
  [wiki/Radio_telescope]
• 1942
  First usage of antibiotics to treat infections (Allied military)
  [wiki/Antibiotics]
• 1943
  DNA identified as genetic transformer (Avery, MacLeod, McCarty)
  [wiki/Avery%E2%80%93MacLeod%E2%80%93McCarty_experiment]
• 1945
  Atomic bomb (Manhattan Project)
  [wiki/Nuclear_weapon]
• 1945
  Invention of microwave oven (Percy Lebaron Spencer)
  [wiki/Microwave_oven]
• 1947
  Invention of transistor (Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley)
  [wiki/Transistor]
• 1947
  First manned supersonic flight (Chuck Yeager)
  [wiki/Sound_barrier]
• 1948
  First stored-program computer (Victoria University of Manchester)
  [wiki/Stored-program_computer]
• 1953
  DNA double-helix structure discovered (James Watson and Francis Crick)
  [wiki/DNA]
• 1953
  First ascent of Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain (Britain)
  [wiki/1953_British_Mount_Everest_expedition]
• 1954
  First practical solar cell (Bell Labs)
  [wiki/Solar_cell]
• 1956
  First nuclear power plant (England)
  [wiki/Nuclear_power_plant]

Space Age (65 years ago)

• 1957
  First artificial satellite (Sputnik 1)
  [wiki/Sputnik_1]
• 1957
  First bone marrow transplant (E. Donnall Thomas)
  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222417/]
• 1959
  First Moon flyby, first spacecraft to achieve escape velocity (Luna 1)
  [wiki/Luna_1]
• 1961
  First human in orbit (Yuri Gagarin, Vostok 1)
  [wiki/Vostok_1]
• 1961
  First Venus flyby (Venera 1)
  [wiki/Venera_1]
• 1962
  Invention of cassette tapes (Philips)
  [wiki/Compact_Cassette]
• 1964
  Invention of liquid crystal displays (George H. Heilmeier)
  [wiki/Liquid-crystal_display]
• 1964
  Discovery of cosmic microwave background (Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson)
  [wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background]
• 1965
  First personal computer (Programma 101)
  [wiki/Programma_101]
• 1965
  Theory of plate tectonics, solid plates move on top of molten interior, creating earthquakes, mountains, and volcanoes (Dan McKenzie)
  [wiki/Plate_tectonics]
• 1965
  First spacewalk (Alexey Leonov, Voskhod 2)
  [wiki/Voskhod_2]
• 1967
  First successful heart transplant (Christiaan Barnard)
  [wiki/Heart_transplantation]
• 1969
  First human on the Moon (Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11)
  [wiki/Apollo_11]
• 1971
  First computer virus, Creeper (Bob Thomas)
  [wiki/Computer_virus]
• 1972
  First candidate black hole discovered (Charles Thomas Bolton)
  [wiki/Black_hole]
• 1973
  First Jupiter flyby, first spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from solar system, first spacecraft to traverse asteroid belt (Pioneer 10)
  [wiki/Pioneer_10]
• 1976
  First Mars lander (Viking 1)
  [wiki/Viking_1]
• 1976
  Invention of public key cryptography, algorithm to establish shared secret key over an insecure channel (Diffie, Hellman, Merkle)
  [wiki/Public-key_cryptography]
• 1977
  First encryption algorithm with separate public and private keys, also allowing digital signatures (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman)
  [wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)]
• 1979
  First commercial cellular phone network (Japan)
  [wiki/1G]
• 1980
  Smallpox, which killed up to 500 million people in the 20th century alone, completely eradicated (WHO)
  [wiki/Smallpox]

Information Age (40 years ago)

• 1981
  First window based graphical user interface and mouse (Xerox Parc)
  [wiki/Xerox_Star]
• 1982
  TCP/IP (Internet Protocol) standardized
  [wiki/Internet_protocol_suite]
• 1990
  First internet search engine (Archie)
  [wiki/Web_search_engine]
• 1992
  First exoplanet discovered (Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail)
  [wiki/Exoplanet]
• 1995
  Beginning of widespread Internet adoption
  [wiki/Internet]
• 1996
  First computer to beat best human chess player (Deep Blue)
  [wiki/Computer_chess]
• 1999
  First major peer-to-peer file sharing network (Napster)
  [wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing]
• 2000
  Last time there wasn’t a human in orbit
  [wiki/International_Space_Station]
• 2001
  Beginning of most popular collaborative general information database (Wikipedia)
  [wiki/Wikipedia]
• 2003
  Complete mapping of human genome (Human Genome Project)
  [wiki/Human_Genome_Project]

Mobile Age (15 years ago)

• 2007
  First multi-touch smart phone (iPhone)
  [wiki/Smartphone]
• 2009
  First decentralized digital currency (Bitcoin)
  [wiki/Cryptocurrency]
• 2010
  First mainstream tablet computer (iPad)
  [wiki/Tablet_computer]
• 2011
  First computer to beat best Jeopardy player (Watson)
  [wiki/Watson_(computer)]
• 2012
  First social network with 1 billion monthly active users (Facebook)
  [wiki/Facebook]
• 2012
  Discovery of Higgs boson (CERN)
  [wiki/Higgs_boson]
• 2013
  First autonomous cars in public traffic
  
• 2013
  First lag-free virtual reality headsets
  [wiki/Virtual_reality]
• 2015
  First computer to beat best human Go player (AlphaGo)
  [wiki/AlphaGo]
• 2015
  First cheap, targeted DNA editing (CRISPR)
  [wiki/Genome_editing]
• 2015
  First rocket to re-enter atmostphere and land vertically
  [wiki/Falcon_9]
• 2016
  Discovery of gravitational waves (LIGO)
  [wiki/Gravitational_wave]
• 2017
  Discovery of first interstellar object in our solar system, ʻOumuamua (Robert Weryk)
  [wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua]
• 2020
  First crewed reusable rocket (SpaceX Falcon 9)
  [wiki/Falcon_9]